Gall Bladder Cancer Treatment

GALL BLADDER CANCER

What is gall bladder cancer?

Gall bladder cancer forms when the growth of the cells in the gall bladder increases out of control.

Important leads of gall bladder cancer:

Inflammation of the chronic gall bladder due to gallstones.
May be because of an abnormality in the ducts. Reflux of pancreatic juices might inflame and stimulate the growth of the cell lining of the gall bladder and ducts. That might increase the rate of gall bladder cancer.
Mutation in DNA.

DIAGNOSIS

Diagnose of gall bladder cancer:

Ultrasound of the transabdominal.
CT SCAN.
Endoscopic ultrasound.
A MRI.
MRCP (MR cholangio-pancreatography).

Stages of Gall Bladder Cancer

The stages of gall bladder cancer are described in the AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) TNM system.

T stands for how the primary tumor has grown into the wall of the gallbladder and if it has grown in nearby organs or tissues.
N stands for spread limitation of cancer to the nearby lymph nodes.
M indicates if the cancer has metastasized to another organ of the body.

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Gall Bladder Cancer Treatments

SURGERY:

The following are the types of surgeries used in the treatment of gall bladder cancer:

CHOLECYSTECTOMY: This procedure includes the removal of the gall bladder, and an extended cholecystectomy is the removal of the gall bladder and one inch or more of the liver tissue located next to the gall bladder and all of the lymph nodes in that region.
LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY: It provides improved patient satisfaction and improved cosmesis with open cholecystectomy.

ADVANTAGES

The operation requires 4 small openings into the abdomen.
Less postoperative pain.
Patients recovery is faster than open Gall Bladder surgery.
Shorter stay in the hospital and a quicker return to normal activities.

REDICAL GALL BLADDER RESECTION:

In this process, the gall bladder, a section of the liver, and the common bile duct, all the ligaments between the liver and the intestine, lymph nodes around the pancreas, and the nearby blood vessels are removed.

Palliative Surgery: This surgery helps in relieving symptoms caused by gall bladder cancer, even if the tumor cannot be removed completely.

RADIATION THERAPY

In radiation therapy, high-energy x-rays and other particles are used to destroy the cancer cell. The most common type of radiation treatment is external-beam radiation therapy. It consists of a specific number of treatments over a given period of time.

Therapy may be used before the surgery to reduce the size of the tumor and after surgery to destroy the remaining cancer cells.

Therapy given during surgery to directly target the area of the tumor and also protect healthy organs from the effects of traditional radiation therapy is called IORT (intra-operative radiation therapy).

CHEMOTHERAPY

Used of the drugs to destroy the cancer cells, it consist specific no. of cycle in given period of time .

Common ways of chemotherapy include an intravenous tube placed into the vein with the help of a needle, by injection, or by pills.

It is used as a palliative care treatment for gall bladder cancer, and it may be recommended after surgical removal of the tumor. used as an additional therapy after the surgery; hence, it is called adjuvant chemotherapy.

RECENT ADVANCE IN GALL BLADDER CANCER SURGERY

Immunotherapy, which is also called biologic therapy, Designed to boost the body’s natural defense to fight against cancer.

Medication or radiation therapy improvements. The effectiveness of radiation therapy and chemotherapy for cancer treatment is limited. So clinical trials are evaluating the newer drugs for gallbladder cancer, and they are trying to increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy.

In targeted therapy, new drugs are being developed that work in different ways from the chemo drugs.