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LEUKEMIA

It is also known as a cancer of the blood.
Uncontrolled growth of abnormal blood cells. This rapid growth takes place in the bone marrow. The cells of leukemia are usually immature and not fully developed. These WBCs are called blasts or leukemia cells.

TYPES

There are four types of leukemia.
  1. ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia): It is the most common type of leukemia in children, young adults, and adults up to the age of 39. It can affect adults of any age.
  2. AML (acute myelogenous leukemia): The most common type of acute leukemia in adults, it is also more common in older adults (over 65), and it also occurs in children.
  3. CML (chronic myelogenous leukemia): It is most common in adults (people over 65), but it can affect any age of adults. Symptoms of CMC may not appear for several years.
  4. CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia): The most common chronic type of leukemia in adults (over 65), symptoms of CLL may not appear for several years.

CAUSES

The risk factors for leukemia include:

  • Smoking: If you have a habit of smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke. These factors can increase the risk of developing acute myelogenous leukemia.
  • FAMILY HISTORY: Researchers say that there are some types of leukemia that may be prevalent in families. Having a family history of leukemia may increase the risk, and then a doctor may recommend genetic testing to assess your risk.
  • PREVIOUS TREATMENT OF CANCER: Radiation and Chemotherapy from past cancer treatments may increase the risk of some type of leukemia.
  • EXPOSURE OF CHEMICAL: Cancer-causing chemicals found in household chemicals and building materials are benzene and formaldehyde. Being exposed to these chemicals can increase the risk of leukemia.
  • SOME GENETIC ORDER: Neurofibromatosis, Klinefeller syndrome, and Down syndrome are some genetic disorders that may increase the risk.

SYMPTOMS

The symptoms of leukemia depend on the part and on the type of leukemia. Common signs and symptoms include:.

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    • Unexplained weight loss
    • Joints and bone pain or tenderness
    • Lymph node swollen (in neck).
    • Easily bleeding (it includes nosebleeds and gum bleeding).
    • A red spot in the skin.

    TREATMENT

    Its treatment depends on the type of leukemia. And patient health and overall age.
    Common treatments are:
    • RADIATION THERAPY: Use strong energy beams and x-rays to kill the leukemia cells and also to stop them from growing.
    • CHEMOTHERAPY: It is the most common form of leukemia treatment. It involves using chemicals to kill the leukemia cells and also stop them from multiplying and growing. Normally, patients receive a combination of chemotherapy drugs.
    • IMMUNOTHERAPY: It is also known as biological therapy. It consists of using certain drugs to boost the body’s defense system and immune system to fight leukemia.
    • TARGET THERAPY: In this treatment, they use drugs that are designed for specific parts of the leukemia cell, which causes them to overtake normal blood cells. It prevents leukemia cells from multiplying or killing them directly.