Blocked blood vessel or bleeding in the brain is called stroke. Signs of a stroke include- headache, weakness, numbness, vision problems, confusion, trouble in walking and talking. When a strokes happens, the blood supply to parts of brain is suddenly interrupted. When brain cells no longer get oxygen and the nutrients from the blood they die or immediate bleedings starts into or around the brain cells.

TYPES

Ischemic: Blood vessels supplying in the brain blockage. And in an ischemic stroke, a blood clots blocks or plugs a blood vessels artery in brain. Mostly (80%) strokes are ischemic.

Haemorrhagic: Bleeding around the brain and the into the brain. In this stroke a blood vessels in the brain breaks and bleed into around the brain. Only 20% of strokes are haemorrhagic.

TIA (Transient ischemic attack): It is also known as mini stroke. Temporary period of symptoms similar to stroke. A temporary decrease in blood supply to part of brain causes TIAs.

TIA occur when a clot or debris block blood flow to part of your nervous system.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

There are some warning signs of stroke, such as:

• Sudden loss of balance.
• Brief loss of consciousness.
• Sudden weakness or numbness in face, arm, or leg.
• Vision dimness.
• Dizziness or sudden falls.

RISK FACTOR

• High blood pressure increase risk of stroke four to six times.
• Heart disease.
• Diabetes,
• Sickle cell disease,
• High cholesterol,
• Family history of stroke.

LIFE STYLE RISK FACTORS:

• Physical inactivity.
• Heavy drinking.
• Being overweight.
• Use of drugs.

TREATMENT CARE

• Medication: A wide range of medicine is used for patients who have stroke.
• Thrombolysis: Also known as thrombolytic therapy. Dissolve dangerous clots in blood vessels, improve blood flow, prevent damage tissue.

STROKE TREATMENT

Generally, there are 3 treatments stages of stroke.

• Prevention,
• Therapy immediately after the stroke,
• Post stroke rehabilitation.

Treating a person’s underlying risk factors for stroke, such as high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes, is the foundation of therapies aimed at preventing a first or recurrent stroke. By rapidly breaking up the blood clot that is causing an ischemic stroke or halting the bleeding in a hemorrhagic stroke, acute stroke therapies aim to stop a stroke before it starts. Individuals who have suffered stroke damage can overcome their limitations with the aid of post-stroke rehabilitation. The most popular kind of treatment for stroke is medication or pharmacological therapy. Antithrombotic (antiplatelet medications, anticoagulants, or “blood thinners”) and thrombolytic drug classes are the most commonly prescribed pharmacological classes for stroke prevention or treatment.

COMPLICATIONS

There are some temporary and permanent disability, depending on the situation and which part is defected:

• Muscle movement loss.
• Changes in behaviour and self-care ability
• Thinking difficulties or memory loss.
• Talking difficulty or swallowing.
• Some emotional problems.
• Numbness or other strange sensation.

STROKE REHABILITATION

Goal of stroke rehabilitation is to help patients relearn skills they lost when a stroke affected part of their brain. It can help the patients to regain independence and improve quality of life.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE OUTCOME REHABILITATION

Strokes recovery varies from person to person

• Emotional factors: Such as mood, motivation and ability to stick with rehabilitation activities outside of therapy sessions.
• Social factors: Support of family and friends.
• Physical factors: Stroke in terms of both cognitive and physical effects.

The recovery rate is generally greatest in the weeks and months after a stroke.